THE LAST DITCH

The lethal medical arrogance behind the Liverpool Care Pathway | Melanie Phillips.

Melanie Phillips, not my favourite journalist, has been writing about the "Liverpool Care Pathway." Something Goebbelish about the name of this route to death is enough to make decent people suspicious, but that's modern Britain for you; all marketing mouth and no trousers.

My point is not about the "pathway" itself, but the response from the medical profession to Phillips' criticism of how it is sometimes misused. The arrogance is disturbing but unsurprising. During 20 years of living abroad, Mrs P and I had occasion to use the services of doctors from time to time. We were always pleasantly struck by the difference in their approach to that of their colleagues in Britain. They did not give "orders", they discussed our issues. They looked at us while they did so. They gave us time and treated us with respect. They did not dish out government propaganda and were not subject to government incentive schemes to adopt particular approaches. In short, they treated us like I treated my clients.

At the French-run Moscow clinic we used for a while, an NHS trained doctor came to work. She lasted a few weeks before being dismissed at the request of patients. She treated patients as so much meat, did not give them time or listen properly to what they had to say. Worst of all (and inexplicable to patients with no experience of Britain's Soviet-style healthcare) she reached for some kind of NHS manual for guidance as to approved treatment. Her patients expected more than that. They wanted to see the exercise of intelligent, professional judgement based on reasoned discussion. They didn't want judgements handed down from Mount Olympus by a self-appointed god. 

The NHS is a state monopoly enterprise. As such things will, it has steadily morphed into a worker's co-operative. The interests of staff take precedence over those of the customers-with-no-choice and the attitude to said customers tends to the dismissive. That's inevitable, because of the moral darkness at its heart; it is funded by force. The good opinion of patients is therefore not required. Promotion within the organisation depends upon contribution to its own goals, not those of the sick people it exists to serve. They are indeed routinely and insultingly described by NHS aparatchiks as a "cost" to the NHS, though they – collectively – pay for it.

There's nothing wrong with these medics that would not be fixed by exposure to competition and the humility it brings. You may say that they already have competition from the private health care industry but that's not really true. The doctors in private hospitals are overwhelmingly NHS consultants earning a bit on the side. Their primary source of income – and pension – is the state monopoly. They are with few exceptions trained by that monopoly and imbued with its stale ethic. If the system were fully private, they would have to provide A&E services, but instead they just offer a luxury add-on. I am fully privately-insured, but if I have an accident I will end up in the NHS's tender care. There is no way out of that in Britain.

It is indeed "our NHS" as the Tories feebly insist. I wish it bloody wasn't.

146 responses to “All organisations funded by force are immoral – Part 2: the NHS”

  1. Antisthenes Avatar
    Antisthenes

    I have had very much the same experience having moved from the UK and the dysfunctional authoritarian NHS that in 20 years failed to diagnose or treat a severe medical problem I suffered from. To France which has in my opinion one of the best healthcare services that quickly diagnosed and cured my medical problem. Recently I moved to Canada where getting a doctors appointment is not easy. However when I did the doctor proved to be kind, professional and efficient.

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  2. Oliver Westcott Avatar

    Couldn’t agree more. I lived in France for 10 years and have seen the difference. Thank you for reminding me of how dank things are here. I am more the motivated to jump ship while I still can. What do you reckon about Switzerland?

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  3. Tom Avatar

    You need to be in the Francophone bit. Even then it's not a comfortable place for the freedom minded. Every Swiss is a policeman at heart. If wealthy enough to negotiate your own tax treaty, yes. Else no. 

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  4. KevinM Avatar
    KevinM

    You describe us as “customers” of the NHS; we’re about as much so as a cow is the customer of an abattoir, possibly even less, given that the farmer who pays the slaughterman is likely to be directly interested in the process.

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  5. Tom Knott Avatar

    Back in ’52 and ’53 I ran the office for an uncle doctor in the new NHS and was also chauffeur, or minder for the car in hostile territory. Back then there was certainly an authoritarian attitude to the ordinary and working class people from the medicine men (and women). What it was like for the better off who paid, I am not sure. This may have been the heritage of the Charity and Benevolent traditions etc. But usually, the quacks were considerate, which is often not the case today, as you say “meat” for meeting targets.

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  6. MickC Avatar
    MickC

    The NHS produces a lot of people carrying clipboards-purpose of such people utterly unknown, possibly it is just to carry clipboards and look officious. And the doctors certainly go along with any Government incentive schemes, the latest of which seems to be prescribing statins to all and sundry-God alone knows if they actually do any good,-or bad.
    I particularly like your phrase “all marketing mouth and no trousers”. I agree it applies to much of modern Britain but suspect that it has always applied to Britain which has (or our rulers have) revelled in “punching above our weight”. This was probably the reason for our difficulties in two world wars when we encountered a rather more efficient competitor.
    As W H Auden had it-
    Our race would not have gotten very far
    had we not learned to bluff it out
    And seem more certain than we are
    of what our motion is about.
    Nothing has changed.

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  7. Penseivat Avatar
    Penseivat

    Remember when you woke up with a headache and a hangover? One of the reasons you had a headache was that you were dehydrated. This was eventually resolved through the use of fluids. The Liverpool Pathway depends on the lack of fluid intake. Without any form of pain control this means that those least able to complain spend the last days of their lives in great pain through a blinding headache which takes over every other form of sensation. Prevent a cow from having a drink and you’ll have half a dozen agencies on your back. Prevent a pensioner from having a drink and your hospital is given extra funds and the head honcho receives a bonus. It would be more humane to use Zyclon B!

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  8. Roger Thornhill Avatar
    Roger Thornhill

    I recall once complaining about the Liverpool Care Pathway. I, too, pointed out its ghoulish, Fabian, Newspeak feel.
    If you want to bump someone off, give them morphine, for crying out loud, don’t make them die of starvation and thirst. I suppose it does not show up on any autopsy.
    When I made my comments, up popped a Vested Interest, all indignant, pompous and abrasive, accusing me of “being against palliative care”. I asked how they got from my complaining about starving people to that accusation. They could not, of course.
    It was clear that they do not like their gree gree’s called into question. One must obey and submit to the Monopoly. The mindset is obscene. The Liverpool Care Pathway is obscene.

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  9. Mark Avatar
    Mark

    Uh, sorry Tom, you’re at it again.
    Apple is funded by force – the force which secures their intellectual property rights.
    The problem here isn’t that the government funds the NHS (see comments about French and Canadian health care), it isn’t “force”, if it is anything, it is a lack of choice.
    There is no reason why government funding can’t be combined with markets.
    Please stop being pig headed about this, it does your position no favours.

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  10. Moggsy Avatar
    Moggsy

    Tom, I do agree with most of your comments about the NHS.

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  11. Moggsy Avatar
    Moggsy

    Mark, you really don’t get what is force and what is defense at all do you?
    It is like the difference between someone coming up to you punching you and taking your purse/wallet.
    …and someone coming up to you trying to punch you, but you grab their arm, pull them towards you, twist and land on top with their arm pinned.. and they don’t get to take your puese/wallet.
    The government taking tax to fund the NHS is more like the first. But I dagree that the big problem with the NHS isn’t so much the government funds this monopoly with money it has taken weather you like it or not. The big probalem is the Government runs the NHS. They are all civil servants, ok in thie way but not the mentality you want caring for you.
    Apple is the second example.

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  12. Tom Avatar

    That’s complete rubbish. Apple is funded entirely by voluntary investment, including some from me and makes its money entirely from voluntary sales, including lots to me. It uses the force of law to protect its contractual and statutory rights, yes. But as Moggsy has explained in terms even you must be able to understand, that’s defending itself from force not enriching itself by it.
    If you really think the mugger and someone resisting him are morally equivalent, you are a scary guy.

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  13. Tom Avatar

    Good metaphor! Thank you. I agree that the state employing the NHS staff directly (compare and contrast France, where the state only operates a compulsory health insurance scheme and the doctors and hospitals are both private and in competition) is a great problem, but it’s not the only one. And it stems anyway from the immorality of funding by force. Given choices, people wold never settle for the inefficiency and arrogance of a state run medical system.
    The immorality of funding by force is a good line to infuriate statists and flush them out. Arguing for state violence openly exposes them for what they are and gives the lie to their mendacious stance that “generosity” with other people’s money has any moral value.

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  14. Mark Avatar
    Mark

    How about if I have “your” wallet? Presumably you would be entitled to come up and punch me and take the wallet back? In which case, it is not the violent action itself, or even the initiation of violence which is the problem, but rather who has ownership of the item in question.
    By insisting that the word “force” means “socially unacceptable use of violence” and that the definition of a bad organisation is one which uses force, you are simply telling us that “organisations which use socially unacceptable violence are socially unacceptable”. It adds nothing to the discussion, is completely circular and pretty silly.
    All it means is that you can’t imagine anyone having a world-view different to your own, aren’t actually prepared to think about where that world-view comes from or what it means and so can only denounce as evil anyone who disagrees with you.

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  15. Mark Avatar
    Mark

    Since your definition of “force” is socially unacceptable violence, could we please have a further definition explaining which particular kinds of violence are unacceptable?

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  16. Tom Avatar

    No that’s your restatement of my view. Straw man, as usual. Anyone who is paying any attention here would be surprised to see me using the word “socially” in that way. Get back to defending your favourite use of force, to dispossess those more talented and industrious than yourself, so that you can go fishing.

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  17. Tom Avatar

    Interesting analogy, Mark. So when the state takes money by force from your class enemies, it’s just recovering its own wallet? Do all wallets belong then to the state, in your view? That often seems to be the view of the Left, judging by their actions. But it would be cool to see it stated in such bald terms.

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  18. Mark Avatar
    Mark

    Uh.. since we are talking about rules which apply to society as whole, I presumed we would be aiming for some degree of consensus… or should the laws be based on your opnion and nothing else?
    Or am I being over-optimistic in expecting there to be any rhyme and reason behind your bluster?
    If I am so lacking in talent (I am), why not let me go fishing? What is there to lose?
    Surely it would be far more shameful for a talented individual, such as yourself, to retire and leave us all bereft of our industry than i would be for someone who can do nothing much to do nothing.

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  19. Mark Avatar
    Mark

    I’m not in favour of using tax as a weapon against the rich – I’m in favour of using tax, where neccesary, to reduce economic activity so as to ensure that each person has some basic minimum.
    In that respect – where the state is using its power to ensure that each person has enough to live with dignity – I would say it is justified in using violence. Presumably, you believe the opposite, that individuals are justified in using violence to prevent others living with dignity.
    Lovely philosophy you have there.

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  20. Tom Avatar

    Straw man again. Don’t you have any other fallacies to use? Have you even looked at a definition of libertarian? The only legitimate use of force for us is national defence or to prevent the use of force or fraud by others. You are the force-monger here.

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  21. Tom Avatar

    The laws should be based on clear moral principles. If a majority decide to kill a man or steal his goods, that does not make it right. As for your demeaning question (demeaning to you, to be clear), do you derive no satisfaction from paying your way? Would you have no shame at being a parasite?

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  22. Moggsy Avatar
    Moggsy

    Mark, Poor dear. You still don’t get it do you? We are talking initiation of force… and incidentally property rights.
    You ask me for a contribution to your train fair home ‘cos you lost your wallet? Fine. No problem. I am free to choose if I give you something or not.
    You pin me to the wall and tell me to give you my purse you are initiating force.
    I pop your eardrums and knee you where it hurts. I am defending myself against force you initiate.
    You ask me for a cotribution to your train fair home while really close up and punching your fist into your palm. The force is implicit and like to follow on a refusal.
    I pop your eardrims… I am defending myself.
    You snatch my bag and run with it, you get a stiletto boomerang I am defending and recovering my property
    I realise other people might have a world view different from my own. As long as they don’t seek to impose it on me by force I don’t necesarily see it as a problem.
    I am sure most people think they are good or have excuses, even Stalin/Hitler/Bin Laden.
    If they step over that line tho then I do.
    I am just saying that I see the initiation of phsical force or the implicit threat against a rational adult as unaceptable.
    Not socially unacceptable, just unacceptable.

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  23. Moggsy Avatar
    Moggsy

    Mark, I think I arready covered it, but I am defining “Force” here as “The initiation of force, actual or implied”. and against a rational adult.
    That is what I consider unacceptable. And I see no easy natural end to it once begun until reparation is made or it is written off. Anything else is just a deferred conclusion.
    And Mark – those rules? They might not apply to society, but they apply to me and mine.
    No one has to go there, but if anyone absolutely insists on marking my dance card then I will Argentine Tango.
    You want to go fishing? Fine. Just don’t get someone to take money from me so you can. I would rather spend it how I choose.

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  24. JMB Avatar

    You can only have competition when there is an excess of supply. In the medical profession that just doesn’t exist in many places. When there is a shortage you are lucky to get “service” of any kind. And that especially applies when you need a specialist. Long waits for an appointment are often involved.
    Where I live you are now lucky to find a personal physician as your general practitioner. Older doctors are retiring and younger doctors seem to prefer to work with walk in clinics which are burgeoning everywhere. I think doctors want to be like everyone else and just do their shift and have a more balanced life.
    You just don’t get to pick and choose between the adequate and the inadequate for medical care in this day and age.

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  25. Tom Avatar

    If that were so, doctors would be surly, arrogant and authoritarian everywhere. They aren't, except in socialised systems. Much as I respect their skills and knowledge, they are just not special enough to occupy a separate economic reality. 

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  26. JMB Avatar

    Well actually I live in a country with socialized medicine, although doctors are independent contractors with the government I think you could say. They do bargain for their fee structure and it is totally paid for by taxes. Fortunately they are not surly, arrogant or authoritarian, despite it. Perhaps Canadians are different in character from their UK peers.
    Since many UK physicians work in both in the NHS and privately do they undergo personality change and act differently with their NHS patients as opposed to their interactions with their private patients? Now that would not be a physician I would like to have treating me, in either system.

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  27. Mark Avatar
    Mark

    Cool – if you aren’t prepared to use violence to prevent others from living with dignity, then there is no need to use violence while ensuring that they can. Presumably you don’t object to the non-violent deletion of funds from your bank account and even if you do there will never be any need to use foce as long as you don’t initiate it.
    I don’t know what you were making all that fuss about – in the libertarian society taxation operates on the personal level only? Each person takes what they feel is owed to them?
    And “national defence”… can you get a more reactionary statement?

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  28. Mark Avatar
    Mark

    So, if you leave your wallet on the table and I take it, a non-violent action, you wouldn’t do anything to stop me. Fair enough.
    But taken to its logical conclusions, wouldn’t this reault in some kind of “ownership through use” society – I’m not sure how you can justify Apple’s defence of its property (using violence) against the non-violent infringements of Samsung.p
    But of course, in your bizzaro dictionary, picking up a piece of paper, or making a tablet computer, are “violent acts” if they happen to be against the current rules of society (or rather so rules that you, personally, happen to like the sound of).
    We can’t help but impose our world view on each other because we are social animals. The key question is which rules you support and what your world view is. When you insist that your world view is complete non-initiation of force (and yet you define force, not as commonly thought, but as any action you don’t like), you simply tell us that “you shouldn’t do things I don’t like (but I’m not going to tell you what I don’t like)”
    If that is a universal principle of justice….

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  29. Mark Avatar
    Mark

    And these principles are…?
    I think that the important contributions that most of us make to the world are personal. If I go fishing with my friend, have a tremendously fun time, then go to the pub and have a chat, haven’t I left the world a better place than it was before?
    Does sitting in an office typing in numbers, or dong a job which could probably be done by a robot (if only we weren’t so insistant on work as a necessity for membership of decent society) or selling thngs people don’t need, or pretending to work , represent a better contribution?
    If I work hard to get nto a positin to exploit others, or other people’s capital, am I not also a parasite?

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  30. Tomsmith Avatar
    Tomsmith

    A legitimate owner of tangible property is perfectly justified in defending it using force. This is in no way similar to a government, a company or a person claiming something legitimately owned by someone else. The first is defence, the second is plunder.
    Intellectual property is not property however and those defending it (governments) are not justified in doing so.

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  31. Tomsmith Avatar
    Tomsmith

    “Presumably you don’t object to the non-violent deletion of funds from your bank account and even if you do there will never be any need to use foce as long as you don’t initiate it.”
    Deletion of funds legitimately owned by me from my bank account is the initiation of force by you against me because the funds are mine, not yours.
    “So, if you leave your wallet on the table and I take it, a non-violent action, you wouldn’t do anything to stop me.”
    Taking a wallet legitimately owned by another person who is not you is the initiation of force by you against the property of that other person.
    It sounds as if you believe in property but that you think most of it belongs to you rather than to the individual people who worked to create it, inherited it, or otherwise gained it in a non violent way. Since this is a might makes right argument (you via the government get to claim whatever you want from the non-coercively acquired property of other people, and yet it is not ok for them to do the same in return whenever and to whatever extent they feel like it), it cannot be applied equally to all people and so is not a valid political ethic.

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  32. Tomsmith Avatar
    Tomsmith

    “I think that the important contributions that most of us make to the world are personal. If I go fishing with my friend, have a tremendously fun time, then go to the pub and have a chat, haven’t I left the world a better place than it was before?”
    It depends if you demand that I fund your fishing trip and pub visit using my property and industry.
    “Does sitting in an office typing in numbers, or dong a job which could probably be done by a robot (if only we weren’t so insistant on work as a necessity for membership of decent society) or selling thngs people don’t need, or pretending to work , represent a better contribution?”
    Any person selling the labour they own in order to earn the means of supporting themselves is not going on fishing trips for fun at my expense. If such productive people happen to like fishing then they have the means to do it on their own time and money.
    “If I work hard to get nto a positin to exploit others, or other people’s capital, am I not also a parasite?”
    Working to fund the purchase of capital goods and then using those to generate profit is what makes the world work. Without this mechanism we would still be living in caves. Then you would be free to go on leisurely fishing trips as often as you wanted, between trying not to starve to death and dodging large predators. Paying people a mutually agreeable price for their labour (which they own) does not constitute exploitation in even the most wacky version of reality.

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  33. Mark Avatar
    Mark

    Yes, but Tomsmith, the problem is that if I try and suggest a different principle of ownership Tom will pop up and say “That requires force” or “you are a bandit” or some such – he refuses to discuss property rights – what constitutes legitimate ownership.
    I’m trying to get him to admit that this is what we must discuss – that the issue of “force” itself is pretty meaningless and that where we disagree is what constitutes an acceptable use of force.
    As for my beliefs, they are that, where possible, we must ensure each person enough to live with dignity, but that beyond this point, anything goes.
    So no, I don’t believe that most of what people make or do belongs to me and I do believe this is a principle which could be applied equally to everyone.

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  34. Mark Avatar
    Mark

    So it isn’t about force as much as it is about what constitutes a legitimate use of force… I agree.
    Would you agree that if we define force as “unacceptable use of violence” then saying “I oppose force” doesn’t really tell us anything new?
    Intellectual property is not property?

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  35. Mark Avatar
    Mark

    Productive… I don’t understand what this word means.
    If someone cannot be a member of society without work, then what choice do they have?
    How do you explain The Alliance Trust and the pay which its boss receives?

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  36. Moggsy Avatar
    Moggsy

    Mark, No personally I would not agree with your definition. I already gave what I consider it to be. Sorry to butt in Tom.

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  37. Tom Avatar

    We are not here to be your dictionary, Mark. There are many free online that will help you understand “productive.” If you want to engage in economic debate, it’s a useful concept to grasp. As you have no personal experience of it, you will need to read up on it. The Alliance Trust is one company in competition with others. Those who pay its fees freely contracted to do so and the lady in charge freely negotiated her salary and bonus. If I were her customer I would care what she is paid. As I am not – and as I am not consumed by poisonous envy – I wish her well. If her work, or that of her staff, proves unproductive, the market will deal with her.

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  38. Tom Avatar

    I would disagree about intellectual property. Arguably it’s even more important now than tangible property in terms of economic progress. I can’t believe that improving a manufacturing process for an existing artefact should be rewarded more than than devising a whole new artefact, for example.

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  39. Tom Avatar

    Oh yes they do, but not quite as much as would be expected because they have been trained exclusively in a soviet system. Nonetheless, my family and friends have experienced the lifting of the head, widening of the pupils and appearance of the smile that occurs when you say “what if I go private?”

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  40. Tom Avatar

    “If someone cannot be a member of society without work, then what choice do they have?”
    I was tempted just to reply “…if you can’t chew the leather…” and let you Google it, but that would not fairly represent my views – more your ridiculous straw man parody of them. The need to sustain oneself by effort is not a product of any particular form of social organisation. The birds, bees and wildlife generally are not oppressing each other yet they die if they don’t find food or shelter for themselves.
    Humans have improved on that situation. We have an economic system that allows us to store work on which we can live when we are ill or old. We have insurance to cover us for disability. We have pension funds to provide for us when too old to work. We have life assurance to provide for our families if we die. We also have charity to provide for those who fail, or are unable, to provide for themselves.
    Nor has anyone here said that those who do not work are not members of society. That’s your theme. But that’s only because you are seeking to define society as an entity with an obligation to pay for you to go fishing.

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  41. Mark Avatar
    Mark

    So, if you leave your wallet on the table and I take it, a non-violent action, you wouldn’t do anything to stop me. Fair enough.
    But taken to its logical conclusions, wouldn’t this reault in some kind of “ownership through use” society – I’m not sure how you can justify Apple’s defence of its property (using violence) against the non-violent infringements of Samsung.

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  42. Moggsy Avatar
    Moggsy

    Mark, Don’t be a deliberate fool. If I was sitting there I would defend my property. You assuming rights over my property that is clearly not yours is initiation of an agressive squence of actions.
    If you take something I have dropped and I found you had it I would ask for it back, different thing.
    Civilised people are perfectly able not to impose a world view, you have yours, I have mine, I am not imposing anything on you.
    Imposing your will on someone is practially speaking an act of agression by definition.
    Either you have a really screwy definition of “impose” or you are some sort of sociopath.
    The dictionary defines it among other things as “to impose ones personal preference on others” “To lay on or set something to be borne or endured by others”.

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  43. Tomsmith Avatar
    Tomsmith

    “Yes, but Tomsmith, the problem is that if I try and suggest a different principle of ownership Tom will pop up and say “That requires force” or “you are a bandit” or some such – he refuses to discuss property rights – what constitutes legitimate ownership.”
    There are only two universally applicable principles of ownership that I am aware of. Either everyone has ownership over their own person and the product of their labour or everyone owns everything equally. The second option is the unachieved ideal of communism which, for all its flaws, is at lest a good argument. Demanding that some arbitrary poverty line be defined by some group who then proceed to adjust the material weath of everyone else in society by force to suit their preferred distribution is not a consistent political ethic because it does not apply equally to everyone (i.e. I cannot forcibly redistribute wealth to suit the way I would prefer, and so it is not legitimate for a government representing the views of only some people to do so either).

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  44. Tomsmith Avatar
    Tomsmith

    I don’t define force as “unacceptable use of violence” because that tells us nothing. Force (as everything else) is defined in terms of property.

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  45. Tomsmith Avatar
    Tomsmith

    Tom, in a world without government imposed IP law contracts would most likely be used to do the same thing. I object to central IP law as I object to corporations- both are artificial constructs created by states and both serve to draw business into the fold of government.

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  46. Tomsmith Avatar
    Tomsmith

    Mark, you are confusing freedom (absence of coercion) with power. Anyone is free to be anything they like. It is not the fault of anyone if a life freely spent fishing and going to the pub does not provide much sustenance or comfort, and nothing is owed by anyone else to a person choosing such a life for themselves. Likewise no other person is at fault if the circumstances of life deal you a poor hand in financial, mental or physical terms. This is just physical reality. Demanding recompense for such things from other people with no hand in your misfortune is akin to demanding that you be able to walk on water.

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  47. Mark Avatar
    Mark

    The alliance trust is an investment trust, a big lump of 2 billion pounds worth of assets, just sitting there. It derives the vast majority of its profits from these assets, not from the financial services it also provides.
    Why would the customer care what the boss of the company is paid? The people who should care about that are the owners. Unfortunately, ownership is dispersed and weak, which has allowed management to hijack the company. How can competition or the market operate in such an environment – these people decide their own pay not based on the value their work adds, but with respect to what other bosses are earning. They have no motive to look for best value, as it would undermine their position. It’s also a business where the value added is easy to see (not much).
    Power, rather than productivity is the main decider of pay.
    This case is of key importance, because guess what – we have trillions of pounds worth of assets sitting around – and people working desperately hard to gain control of them. It’s a highly competitive environment, but it’s one based on power rather than production.
    So the people we have at the bottom, me and my fisher-chums, are not the least productive, we are the least powerfull.
    You are a power worshipper, Tom, which is why you admire the real bandits and despise the weak.

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  48. Mark Avatar
    Mark

    Saying that everyone owns everything or themselves is equally arbitrary.
    “Everyone owns everything” is universally applicable… but “everyone should have a loaf of bread” isn’t because you might disagree with it…?
    Sorry, sounds like you have trouble going beyond integers.

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  49. Mark Avatar
    Mark

    I’m not sure how to approach something so mad…
    So you think that rules which dictate that we should/must support each other are contrary to the physical laws of reality?
    That we owe nothing to others unless we have caused them harm?

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  50. Mark Avatar
    Mark

    Yes, yes, there is no physical reason why we all have to work… agreed.
    Ok… so they are members of society.

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Tom is a retired international lawyer. He was a partner in a City of London law firm and spent almost twenty years abroad serving clients from all over the world.

Returning to London on retirement in 2011, he was dismayed to discover how much liberty had been lost in the UK while he was away.

He’s a classical liberal (libertarian, if you must) who, like his illustrious namesake, considers that

“…government even in its best state is but a necessary evil; in its worst state an intolerable one.”

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